[A] [B] [C] [D][E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J][K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P][Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V][W] [X] [Y] [Z]

A
Abbreviation	Shortened form of a word.
Acronym	Word formed from the initial letters of other words, often replaces the original longer title.
Addendum	Addition after a work has been printed.
ADP(EDP)	Automatic (electronic) data processing by electronic systems.
Against the Grain	Folding paper at right angles to the grain of the paper.
Agate Line	Little used standard of measurement for depth of advertising columns (mainly in press). There are 5.5 agate lines per column centimetre.
Airbrush	Compressed air gun, shaped like a pencil that mainly sprays watercolour, thin tempera, ink or transparent dye pigment.
Air Knife Coating	A method of coating used in papermaking. The coating mixture is applied by a metal roller and distributed by a thin, flat jet of air from a slot in a metal blade extending across the machine.
Alterations	Changes made to copy after it has been set in type.
Ampersand	The symbol for "and".
Antique	Book paper having the appearance of hand-made paper.
Aperture Card (Slide Frame)	Holder which frames a transparency, as in microfilming or for projection.
Arabic Figures	Numerals in normal use: 1, 2, 3 Roman figures are: i, ii iii.
Art Paper	Paper, usually of high gloss, coated with china clay.
Artwork	Drawings, lettering and general ornamentation prepared by the artist in final form for reproduction.
Ascender	That part of the letter which rises above the main type body, as in "b"
Asterisk	First of the six reference marks. (*)
Author's Corrections	Corrections made by the author to modify a proof of the original copy.
Author's Proof	Proof showing corrections made by the author or editor.
Autolithography	Lithography from plates prepared or drawn by hand, now usually a form of fine art for limited edition prints.
Automatic Typewriter	Typewriter designed to respond to commands from a control unit or tape.
B
Back	Inner margin of a page.
Backbone	Back of a bound book connecting the two covers; also called spine.
Back Lining	Paper or fabric adhering to the backbone or spine in a hard case book.
Backing	Binding operation to consolidate the back of a book.
Backing Up	Printing the reverse side of a sheet already printed on one side. In electrotyping, backing a copper shell with metal to make the plate the required thickness.
Bad Break	Typesetting the last part of a hyphenated word to appear as the first word on a page. Also, incorrect word hyphenation.
Bank Paper	Thin, tough writing paper, usually less than 61 gsm in weight.
Banker	Envelope with the opening on its longer dimension.
Base	Metal below the shoulder of type. The block on which letterpress printing plates are mounted to make them "type high".
Bastard Title	See Half-title.
Bearer	In photoengraving, the dead metal left on a plate to protect the printing surface while moulding. In composition, type-high slugs locked up inside a chase (Q.V.) to protect the printing surface. In presses, the surface-to-surface ends of cylinders that come in to contact with each other.
Beating	Beating to mesh the pulp fibres in papermaking so that the fibres produce the desired quality of paper.
Bed	Base on which the type rests on a flat-bed letterpress printing machine.
Benday	Trade name for a method of laying a screen (dots, lines and other textures) on artwork or plates to obtain various tone and shading effects.
Bible Paper	Thin printing paper (India paper) used for the Bible and other works to reduce bulk.
Bibliography	List of reference books included in a book.
Bimetal Plate	Lithographic plate in which the printing image base is copper or brass and the non-printing area is aluminium, stainless steel, or chromium.
Binary Notation	Numerical system which forms the basis of computer mathematics. Only two digits are used, "0" and "1".
Binders' Board	Paper board used in making the cover of a cased book.
Bit	Contraction of "binary digit"; the binary notation has only two digits, "0" and "1"
Bite	In photoengraving, the various stages of acid etching, the depth increasing after each bite.
Black-and-White	Originals or reproductions printed in black (as distinct from multicolour) .
Black Letter	Old English or Fraktur type classification.
Black Printe	In colour reproduction, the black plate, which adds contrast, depth and detail to colour illustrations.
Blade Coating	A method of coating in papermaking. The mixture is applied to the surface by rollers to give a thin, level coating. Excess is removed by a thin flexible metal blade as it smoothes the surface. Differs from air knife coating.
Blanket	In offset lithography, a flexible fabric clamped around the cylinder, which transfers the image from plate to paper.
Bleaching	Papermaking process to whiten cellulose fibres.
Bleed	Where the image extends to the edge of a printed sheet, without leaving a border.
Blind P	See Paragraph Mark.
Blind Image	In lithography, a plate image that has lost its ink receptivity.
Blind Stamp (Emboss)	Design which is stamped or embossed without gold leaf or ink, giving a bas-relief effect.
Block	See Line Block and Halftone Block. Also see Gold Block.
Blocking	Lettering or ornamentation impressed into a stock or the cover of a book.
Blocking Out	Eliminating backgrounds or other portions on a negative by opaquing or masking out.
Blowup	Enlargement.
Blue Key	Blueprint of a basic design on glass or a vinyl plastic sheet which contains all elements with register marks.
Blueprint	In offset lithography and photoengraving, a negative or positive photoprint on paper used as a proof.
Body	In inkmaking, a term referring to the viscosity, consistency, or covering power. E.g. ink with too much body is stiff.
Blurb	Publisher's description of a book, printed on a dust jacket or elsewhere.
Body Matter	Text matter (as distinct from display) .
Body Size	Depth of a type as distinct from its face size.
Body Type	Type used for the text of a book, as distinguished from the headings.
Bold-Face Type	Type that is heavier than the text type with which it is used.
Bolts	Closed edges of a folded sheet which are opened by trimming or slitting. Bond Paper writing or printing paper where strength, durability and permanence are required. Used for letterheads, business forms, stationery etc.
Book Paper	General term used to define a class or group of papers having common physical characteristics that, in general, are most suitable for book production.
Border	Continuous rule or decorative design bordering a type or illustration area or advertisement.
Box	Type area enclosed by rules.
Brace	Connecting device for two or more lines of type.
Brackets	Square brackets or parentheses used as a grammatical device.
Break for Colour	In artwork and composition, to separate the parts to be printed in different colours.
Brightness	In photography, light reflected by the subject, used to determine exposure. In paper, the reflectance of brilliance of the paper.
Bristol Board	White artists' board with a high quality surface, used for line drawings.
Broadsheet	Standard imperial sheet size of paper Also a large single sheet printed on one side only (poster).
Brochure	Pamphlet bound in the form of a booklet.
Bromide	A contraction of photo bromide. An accepted part of the language of advertising. Means black and white photoprint, usually of type, logo or packs, but loosely covers any black and white photograph. See Repro Bromide
Bronzing	Printing with a sizing ink, then applying bronze or gold powder while still wet to produce a metallic lustre.
Brownprint	Brown photograph on special photographic paper, used for proofing when exposed to sunlight. The image is impermanent unless fixed.
Brush Coating	A method of applying coating (pigment and adhesive) to paper by cylindrical brushes or metal rollers. The coating is smoothed by means of oscillating flat brushes on the web as it is drawn tightly over a moving rubber apron or a revolving drum.
Bulk	Thickness of paper.
Burnishing	In photoengraving, treatment of a printing plate to darken local areas by spreading the printing surface of lines and dots.
Burst Binding	A form of binding similar to perfect binding (Q.V.) .
C
Calender	Stack of horizontal cast iron or steel rolls at the end of a paper machine. The paper is passed between the rolls to increase the smoothness and gloss of its surface.
Caliper	Thickness of paper, expressed in microns.
Calligraphy	Letters written with a quill-shaped pen.
Camera-Ready Copy	Complete copy which a printer uses as am original for making a printing plate without further work being necessary.
Caps	Capital letters.
Caps and Small Caps	Words with the initial letters in capitals and the other letters in small capitals.
Caption	Term applied to the explanatory text accompanying an illustration.
Carbro	Photograph in full colour, used for process colour reproduction.
Caret	Editing symbol to indicate that something is to be inserted.
Cartridge Paper	Tough paper, usually with a rough surface often used for drawing.
Case	In bookbinding, the covers of a hard bound book.
Case-Bound	Books bound in stiff boards covered by fabric or other material.
Casing-ln	Insertion of the text contents of a book into the cover boards when binding.
Cast Coated	Coated paper dried under pressure against a polished cylinder to produce a highly glossed, mirror-like finish.
Casting Off	Calculating the number of lines of type the typescript or manuscript will make in a predetermined size.
Catch Line	Headline used to identify the contents of galley proofs. A precis of the following material.
Catching Up	Indicates that the non-image areas of a lithographic press plate are inking up.
Chain Marks	Lines on laid paper, parallel with grain, usually about one inch apart.
Chalking	Improper drying of ink. Pigment dusts off because the ink solution vehicle has been absorbed too rapidly into the paper.
Character Count	The basis of most typographic decisions. The number of characters in a block of text can help to determine the selection of typeface, type size and type area.
Chase	Metal frame in which type and plates are securely locked for letterpress printing.
Chemical Wood Paper	Paper made from wood pulp treated chemically to remove the lignin. See Papermaking.
Circular Screen	Circular-shaped halftone screen which enables the camera operator to obtain proper screen angles for colour halftones without disturbing the copy.
Clean Proof	Printers proof which requires no corrections.
Close Up	Remove word or line spacing.
Coated Paper	Paper with a surface coating to produce a smooth finish either matt or gloss.
Cold Type	Type set by direct-impression method or by photocomposing machines. These pro do not use hot metal.
Collate	To bring sections of a work together correct sequence.
Collotype	Method of high quality screenless printing using a plate consisting of a gelatine coating on glass. Suitable for short runs on
Colophon	An ornamental tail-piece once used in books. The title-page now carries this information.
Colour Correction	Masking, dot-etching, or re-etching, used to improve the quality of colour rendition.
Colour Filter	Sheet of dyed glass, gelatin, plastic or dyed gelatin cemented between glass plates, used in photography to absorb certain colours and permit better rendition of others. Essential to the old colour separation process cameras now largely replaced by scanners.
Colour Proofs	See Progressive Proofs.
Colour Separation	Separation of the colours making up a full colour original, usually into the three primaries plus black, each of which will be reproduced by a separate printing plate. Additional colours are often needed for fine art reproduction. Modern colour separation systems use laser scanners controlled by computers. An artist can pre-separate by using separate overlays for each colour.
Column Rule	Rule used to separate vertical columns of type in text or in tabulations.
Com	Computer output microfilm. Material produced in microform from computer input.
Combination Plate	In photoengraving, halftone and line work combined on one plate: etched for both halftone and line depth.
Composing	Setting type.
Composing Stick	A hand tool in which type is assembled and justified.
Compositor	Tradesman typesetter.
Concertina Fold	Term used for two or more parallel paper folds which open in concertina fashion.
Condensed Type Face	A typeface in which the normal width of letters has been reduced. Useful for words displayed in a narrow space.
Contact Print	Photographic print made from negative or positive in contact with sensitised paper, film, or printing plate.
Contact Screen	Halftone screen on film having a dot structure of predetermined density, used in vacuum contact with photographic film. Used with photocopiers where continuous tone prints are involved and for facsimile transmission.
Contents	List of chapter titles, main headings or other divisions of a book inserted in the preliminary pages before the main text.
Continuous Tone	Photographic image which has not been screened and contains gradient tones from black to white.
Contoured	See Cut-out Halftone.
Contraction	Shortened form of a word which ends in the same letter as the word itself.
Contour	To remove the original photographic image from around a given area by following the shape of the subject so that the surround is white when printed.
Contrast	Tonal gradation between highlights and shadows in an original or reproduction.
Copy	Typewritten manuscript, pictures, artwork etc., to be used in the production of printing.
Copyboard	Frame to hold original copy while it is being photographed by the process camera.
Copyfitting	In composition, checking type size, arrangement, or content of copy to fit a given area.
Copy Preparation	In photomechanical processes, directions as to desired size and other details for illustrations and the arrangement into proper position of various parts of the page to be photographed for reproduction. In typesetting, the checking of original copy to ensure a minimum of changes after type is set.
Counters	Enclosed spaces within a letter, e.g. the loop of the lower case "e"
Cover Paper	Papers used for the outside covers of catalogues, brochures and booklets.
CPU	Central processing unit. Components of a data processing system, comprising the arithmetical and logical circuits and the control unit which initiates instructions.
Cropping	Trimming or masking of unwanted portions of an illustration.
Crossline Screen (Glass Screen)	In halftone photography, a grid pattern with opaque lines crossing each other at right angles, thus forming transparent squares or "screen apertures".
Crossmarks	Register marks for accurate positioning of images in step-and-repeat, double or multicolour printing; also in superimposing overlays onto a base or to each other.
Crown	Imperial paper size measuring 20" x 15" (50.8 cm x 38.1 cm).
CRT	Cathode ray tube, similar to a television screen, used to generate images in computer typesetting and to display information.
Crystallisation	Condition in which a dried ink film repels a second ink which must be printed on top of it.
CTS	Computer typesetting. The generic term used to describe the operations undertaken by computers to assist in the process of typesetting.
Curl	In paper, distortion of the unrestrained sheet due to differences in structure or coatings from one side to the other. The curl side is the concave side of the sheet.
Cursive	Italic types. So called because of its broad similarity to the handwritten form.
Curved Plate	In letterpress, an electrotype or stereotype, backed up to proper thickness and precurved to fit the cylinder of a rotary press.
Cut	In letterpress, a photoengraving of any kind.
Cut-ln Illustration	Illustration occupying less than a page width with type set alongside it.
Cut-out Halftone	Halftone illustration from which the background has been removed. Often referred to as "contoured"
Cutscore	In die-cutting, a sharp-edged knife, usually several centimetres lower than the cutting rules in a die, made to cut part way into paper or board to facilitate folding.
Cyan	The blue green component of the standard four-colour printing colours.
D
Dagger	Second of the reference marks, following the asterisk. Also known as the obelisk.
Dampeners	In lithography, cloth-covered, parchment paper or rubber (bare back) rollers that distribute the dampening solution to the press plate.
Dandy Roll	In papermaking a wire cylinder on papermaking machines that makes water- marks or wove or laid effects which can he seen by holding paper up to the light. Used in the ù manufacture of better grades of business and book papers.
DataBank	Storage of information for subsequent processing. e.g. Computer typesetting systems carry large databanks of type styles, sizes and storage of material which has been set.
Deboss	A plate sunk image.
Decimal Point	True decimal point, sometimes referred to as the waisted point. For general purposes a dot on the line (a full stop or a one- dot leader) is preferred to the true decimal point.
Deckle Edge	Untrimmed feather edge of a sheet of paper formed where the pulp flows against the deckle. A characteristic of hand-made paper.
Deep Etch	In offset lithography, a positive working plate used for long runs where areas are slightly recessed below the surface. In photo engraving, an additional etch given to relief plates to ensure that non-printing areas not receive ink.
Deep Page	A page with one or more extra lines.
Demy	Imperial paper size measuring 22.5" x l7.5" (57.15 cm x 44.45 cm).
Densitometer	Photoelectric instrument which measures the density of photographic images, or of colours. Used in colour printing and quality control to determine accurately whether colours are consistent throughout the run. The densitometer reads the solid colour bars to be seen on the untrimmed printing sheet.
Density (Apparent Density)	Weight per unit volume of a sheet of paper, calculated by dividing the grammage by the thickness (caliper) expressed as g/cm3, the lower the density, the greater the bulk.
Dermatitis	Skin disease, characterised by an itching rash or swelling; can be caused by photographic developers, chromium compounds and solvents.
Descender	That part of the letter which extends below the main body, as in "p".
Desensitiser	In lithographic platemaking, making non-image areas of a plate non-receptive to ink through chemical treatment of the metal In photography, an agent for decreasing the sensitivity of photographic emulsion to facilitate development under comparatively bright light.
Developer	In photography, the chemical agent and the process employed to render photographic images visible after exposure to light. In Iithographic platemaking, the material used to remove unlighthardened coating.
Diazo	Copying or colouring process using a compound decomposed by light.
Didone	Type face classification using the Standard Type Classification system. Used to describe types where there is a marked contrast between thick and thin strokes such as Bodoni, Corvinus and others.
Didot	European point size. The Didot point measures 0.3759 mm (0.0148 "). Twelve Didot points equal one Cicero.
Die-Stamping	Printing from images engraved into copper or steel.
Digesting	The process by which softwood chips are "cooked" with chemicals to produce pulp for paper manufacture.
Dimensional Stability	Resistance of paper or film to dimensional changes with changes in moisture content.
Diphthong	Two vowels joined together, ae etc.
Direct Screen Halftone	In colour separation, a halftone negative made by direct exposure of a colour image through a halftone screen.
Discretionary Hyphen	Hyphen inserted at the discretion of a computer operator
Display	Type used for headings. titles, advertisements etc.
Display Type	In composition, type set larger than text.
Distributing Roller	Rubber covered roller which conveys ink from the fountain to the ink drum of a printing press.
Doctor Blade	In gravure, a knife-edge blade pressed against the engraved printing cylinder to wipe excess ink from non-printing areas.
Dot	The basic constituent of a halftone.
Double Dagger	The third of the reference marks; it follows the dagger.
Double Dot Halftone	In lithography, two half- tone negatives combined into one printing plate, adding greater tonal range than conventional halftones. One negative reproduces highlights and shadows: the other reproduces middletones.
DPI	Dots per inch. A measure of degree of resolution of a printed image. Standard laser printers print 300 dpi, Linotronics up to 3000 dpi.
Draw Down	In inkmaking, the ink chemist's method of roughly determining colour shade. Ink is placed on paper and drawn with the edge of a spatula to get a thin film of ink.
Drier	In inkmaking, a substance added to hasten the drying of the printed sheet.
Dropout	Halftone with no screen dots in the highlights.
Drop Shadow	A tone of colour, or line, which falls on one side of horizontal and vertical parts of type, as would a shadow on a three dimensional object.
Ductor Roller	In lithography, the roller in both the inking and dampening mechanism on a press which alternately contacts fountain roller and vibrating drum roller.
Dropped lnitial	Initial capital which extends below the first line of the text, lining up at its top with the first line of a chapter.
Dull Finish	A paper finish with little or no gloss.
Dummy	Sample of the proposed work prepared before printing to assist in assessing design and estimating production requirements. A binder's dummy is made to establish the exact dimensions of the bound book.
Duotone	Halftone printed using black and colour halftones, or in any two colours.
Duplex Paper	Paper having a different colour or finish on either side.
Duplicator Paper	Smooth, hard-surfaced paper made for use on spirit duplicators.
Dust Jacket	Wrapper around a case-bound book to protect the binding.
Dyeline	Proof prepared photographically.
E
Edition	Print involving resetting; or a book produced to a different format, e g. pocket edition, paperback.
Edition Binding	An edition of books.
EDP	See ADP.
Electrotype	Electroplated letterpress printing plate.
Elite	Typewriter typeface having twelve characters to the inch.
Ellipsis	Omission of words, indicated by three dots.
Em	Square of the type body. Commonly, but incorrectly, used instead of pica as a general measure of 12 points.
Embossed Finish	Paper with a relief or intaglio surface to imitate wood, cloth, leather, metal or other pattern or the raised print resulting from printing of an engraved plate.
Embossing	Relief image to achieve a raised printed surface, (blind embossing gives an uninked impression on blank paper).
En	One-half the width of an em.
Enamel	Term applied to coated paper or to paper- coating material.
Endmatter	Printed matter (usually explanatory) following the text of a book, e g. appendices, bibliography, index etc.
Endnotes	Explanatory material printed at the end of a chapter, article or text.
Endpapers	An integral step in bookbinding casebound books. A folded pair of papers attached to the first and last signatures of a book, one fold is pasted to the inside cover, to cover the edges of the book cover fabric.
English Finish	Book paper with a smoother, more uniform surface than machine finish.
Errata Slips	Correction slips - tipped in or inserted as separate sheets, after printing.
Etch	In photoengraving, to produce an image on a plate by chemical or electrolytic action. In offset lithography, an acidified gum solution used to desensitise the non-printing areas of the plate. Acid solution added to the fountain water to help keep non-printing areas of the plate free of ink.
Even Pages	Left-hand pages bearing even numbers.
Expanded Type	Type in which the letters are wider than normal; extended type .
F
Face	Printing surface of type.
Facsimile	Exact reproduction of a letter, document or signature Sometimes abbreviated as "facsim" or "fax" A system now widely used for the reproduction in transmission of printed or typed material.
Fashion Board	Art board used by artists for illustrations, varying in nature, for line or wash drawings.
Featherweight	Light bulky paper made with little or no calendering.
Feeder	Section of a press which separates the sheets and feeds them into position for printing.
Feet	The base of metal type. Metal type which is not sitting properly on the bed of the machine is said to be "off its feet" .
Felt Side	Smoother side of printing paper. The top surface of the sheet in paper manufacturing. The nature and appearance of paper usually differs on either side of the sheet.
Figure	Illustration or diagram printed with the text.
Filling In	(or Filling Up) Letterpress or offset lithography where ink fills the space between the halftone dots or areas of type.
Fill-Ups	Material inserted in periodicals where columns fall short.
Filmsetting	See Photocomposition.
Fixing (Solution)	Chemical solution to remove unexposed silver salts in an emulsion without affecting the metallic silver which has been deposited by the developer. The photographic image is thus made permanent.
Flange	Projecting flat rim on the edge of letterpress blocks.
Flash	Exposure In halftone photography, supplementary exposure to strengthen dots in the shadow areas of negatives.
Flat	In offset lithography, the assembled composite of negatives or positives, ready for platemaking. Also, a picture lacking in contrast.
Flat Etching	Reduction of silver deposits in a continuous tone or halftone plate, by placing it in a tray containing etching solution.
Flexography	A process involving printing from rubber or (more recently) plastic plates.
Flong	Papier mache material used for making "mats" (matrices); the moulds used for casting stereotypes.
Flow	Ability of ink to spread over a surface or into a thin film.
Flowers	Type ornaments used to embellish borders etc.
Flush Mounting	Mounting a relief plate so that the printing surface is flush with the edge of the block.
Flush Cover	Cover trimmed to the same size as the text pages, e.g. paperback books.
Flush/Range Left (or right)	In composition type set to line up on the left (or right).
Flush Paragraph	Paragraph with no indentation.
Fly-Leaf	Blank leaf at the beginning or end of a book.
Flying Paster	In web printing, an automatic device that splices a new web of paper onto an expiring roll, without stopping the press.
Fog	Photographic defect in which the image is veiled by a deposit of silver, caused by stray light or incorrectly mixed chemical solutions.
Foil Stamping	Process which employs the same basic principle as letterpress printing, the ink being replaced by foil, applied with heat.
Folder	Printed work which is simply folded.
Folio	The page number.
Follow Copy	Typesetting instruction to set type in accordance with copy, making no changes in spelling, capitalisation and punctuation.
Font	Complete range of type of one size and face.
Foolscap	Imperial paper size, measuring 17" x 13.5"(43.18 cm x 34.29 cm).
Footnotes	Notes set in small type at the foot of a page.
Fore Edge	Outer margin of a page opposite side to spine.
Foreword	Prelude to the true text, usually written by someone other than the author.
Form(e)	Type and other material locked in a chase preparatory to printing.
Format	Size, style, type, margins, printing requirements, etc., of any printed piece.
Forme Rollers	Rollers which come into direct contact with the plate.
Fountain Solution	In lithography, a solution of waker, gum arabic and other chemicals used to dampen the plate. Moistened non-printing areas do not accept ink.
Free Sheet(Wood Free)	Paper free of mechanical wood pulp.
French Joint	In bookbinding a joint having a deep groove to allow thick binding material (e.g. leather) to be used without making the book difficult to open.
Frontispiece	Left-hand page illustration facing the title-page.
"F " Stops	Fixed sizes at which the aperture of a lens can be set to alter the focal length.
Fugitive Ink	Ink (usually water soluble) used in security printing to combat forgery.
Full Out	Type set to full measure with no indentation.
Furniture	Wood, metal or plastic placed within a letterpress forme to fill the areas between printing surfaces.
Fuzz	Fibres standing up from a paper surface.
G
Galley	Shallow metal tray used to hold type.
Galley Page Proofs	Proofs of pages on galley- length paper .
Galley Proof	Proof of type standing in a galley, prior to assembly into pages.
Gamma	Photographic term for contrast resulting from development, not the contrast of the original photographic exposure.
Caralde	Type face classification based on the British Standard Type Classification System. Used to describe Old Style types such as Bembo, Caslon, and Garamond.
Gatefold	Flap from the fore-edge, with a fold running parallel to the spine of the book. The finished page is marginally smaller than the normal trimmed page. A double fold, usually of card or heavy board, from the two outside edges of a folder The two folded pages meet in the centre of the page, edge to edge, rather like a double gate.
Gathering	Placing the sections of a book in correct order before binding.
Ghosted	Details reduced in tone, to isolate a particular component in a photograph, e.g. an engine of a motor vehicle.
Glyphic	British Standard type face classification. Used for types such as Albertus, Latin etc.
GM2	See GSM. Grams per square metre.
Goldenrod Paper	In offset lithography, a specially coated yellow or orange masking paper used by strippers to assemble and position negatives for exposure onto press plates.
Gothic	Sans serif type.
Graduation	Gradual transition from one tone to another; ie. dark to light or one colour to another.
Grain	In papermaking, the direction in which most fibres lie corresponding to the direction that the paper travels during the papermaking process.
Graining	In lithography, subjecting the surface of metal plates to the action of abrasives. Greater water-retention is imparted to an otherwise non-porous surface.
Grammage	Weight of a standard area of paper expressed in grams per square metre, abbreviated gsm or gm2.
Graphic	Type classification covering types which look as through they have been drawn. eg. Old English, Cartoon.
Graphics	The drawing or design components of material prepared for printing. These can be hand drawn, derived photographically or computer generated.
Grey Scale	The range of tones from white to black, placed at the side of original copy during photography to measure the tonal range.
Gripper Edge	Leading edge of paper blank to receive grippers as it passes through a printing press. The front edge of a lithographic or wraparound plate secured to the front clamp of plate cylinder.
Gripper Margin	Unprinted blank edge of paper on which grippers bear, usually half an inch or less.
Grippers	Metal fingers that clamp on paper to hold it as it passes through a printing press.
Groundwood Pulp	Mechanical wood pulp used in the manufacture of newsprint and other unsurfaced papers.
GSM	Grams per square metre: a standard measure of the weight of paper Also expressed as gm2.
Guard	Narrow strip of paper or other material sewn into a book. It may have a sheet such as a fold-out map attached.
Gum Arabic	In offset lithography, used in platemaking and on press to desensitise non- printing areas of plates. Used with bichromate to sensitise deep-etch and bi-metal plates.
Gutter	Inner margin of a page.
H
Hair Spaces	Very thin spaces between letters and words.
Halation	(Halo) In photography, a blurred effect, resembling a halo, occurring in highlight areas or around bright objects, caused by reflection of rays of light from the back of negative material.
Half-Sheet Work	See Work-and-Turn.
Half-Title	Title of artwork printed on the right hand page immediately preceding the title page. Also known as a bastard title
Halftone	Reproduction of continuous tone artwork, such as a photograph, with the image translated into dots of various sizes.
Hand Made Paper	Method of papermaking in which the operator dips a mould or wire screen into the pulp vat and lifts it out, taking sufficient pulp to form a sheet of paper. The fibres are felted together by shaking the mould by hand.
Hanging Figures	Numerals with ascenders and descenders. Also known as old-style figures.
Hanging Indentation	Arrangement of type in which the first line of the tat is set full out. Following lines are indented at the left.
Hard Copy	Product of a word processor at various stages in data processing or as a check to typesetting. Hard copy is often used for proof reading and correction of data where the system does not incorporate a verification stage.
Hardware	Physical equipment of a computer. Compare with software.
Head (Margin)	Margin from the top of the type area to the top of the page.
Headbands	Strips of material (often decorative) placed at the head (sometimes also the foot) of the spine of a bound book.
Hickey	Spot or imperfection in printing due to dirt on the press, hardened specks of ink, etc.
Highlight	Whitest parts of a photograph represented by the smallest dots or the absence of dots.
Hot-Metal Setting	Typesetting systems using hot metal (e.g. Linotype, Monotype.)
Humanist	British Standard Type Classification System for types such as Verona, Centaur, Kennerley.
Hydrophilic	Water loving; can be wet by water, rejects oil.
Hydrophobic	Water rejecting; water repellent.
Hypo	Abbreviation for sodium thiosulphate or sodium hyposulphite, a chemical used image on a photographic film after development.
I
Ibid	In the same work.
Idem	The same. Also a trade name for a paper producing copies without carbon paper.
Idiot Tape	Perforated or magnetic tape, from the keyboard of a typewriter or typesetting system, which contains no instructions on hyphenation or justification.
Imposed Signature Proof	Proof of a sect of a book, usually the first, which carries the title page and other preliminary matter.
Imposition	Laying out of pages so that the will be in correct order after the printed sheet is folded.
Impression	In printing, the impression o plate or blanket as it comes in contact with the paper.
Imprint	Name and address of publisher or printer or both.
Indent	Blank space at the beginning of a line or lines. The first line of a new paragraph usually indented.
Index	Alphabetical listing of topics or subjects in a book showing the page numbers on which they appear
India Paper	Thin, strong, opaque paper (Bible Paper), usually made of rag, suitable for Bibles and other works which would be of excessive bulk if printed on thicker paper
Inferiors	Small letters or figures printed below the level of the line or type, as in chemical formulae.
Initial Letters	Large capital letters, plain or ornamental, used at the beginning of a work and at the beginning of chapters. These may be "dropped" or "raised".
Ink Fountain	The container which supplies ink to the ink rollers of a press.
InkJet printing	Images are generated by shooting small amounts of ink (black or coloured) from the printhead.
Insert	Specially printed piece for insertion in a publication.
Insides	Term applied to completed text before binding.
Intaglio printing	Method of printing from plates or cylinders in which the image is etched or engraved below the surface, as in gravure or steel or copper engraving.
Interface	Link between various components of a system, with particular reference to computers.
Interleaf	Leaves inserted between pages of a book.
Interneg	Negative used to make a black and white photoprint from a colour transparency
Intertype	Hot-metal slugsetting composing machine, similar to Linotype; a trade name.
IR	Infra Red.
ISBN	International Standard Book Numbering system.
ISO	International Standards Organisation.
ISSN	International Standard Serial Number.
Italic	Type version where the letters slope forward as distinct from upright, or Roman, letters. Used to distinguish word emphasis or where a word is used in a foreign language.
J
Jobbing printing	Printing other than book, periodical and newspaper work.
Jog	To stack sheets of paper into a: flush pile
Justify	To space words and letters to a given measure. Vertical alignment at the right and left of the column.
K
K	Abbreviation for a quantity of 1,000.
Keep Down	Use lower case type except where capitals are specifically marked.
Keep Standing	Retention of type for possible reprinting.
Kern(ing)	In metal type, that part of a letter which overhangs the type body. Kerning involves closing up type where the letter shape results in uneven letter spacing, eg. LT
Key	To code copy to a layout by means of symbols, usually letters. Insertions are sometimes "keyed" in like manner. In lockup, a device for operating quoins.
Keyline Drawing	Simplified overlay with instructions as a guide to illustrated material.
Key Plate	In colour printing, the plate (usually black) used as a guide for the register of other colours.
Kraft	Paper or board made from unbleached wood pulp (brown in colour) by the sulphite process.
L
Lacquer	Clear coating, usually glossy, applied to a printed sheet for protection or to enhance appearance.
Laid	Paper which, when held to the light, shows a series of ribbed lines. Wire vertical or chain lines, horizontal or laid lines close together. Caused by the pattern on the dandy roll.
Laminate	Bonding clear plastic film by heat and pressure to a sheet of paper to protect the print and improve its appearance.
Landscape	Page or illustration wider than it is deep.
Large Post	Imperial paper size, 21 " x 16.5 " (53.34 cm x 41.91 cm).
Layout	Sketch or plan specifying size, position of type and illustrations, treatment of headings etc. Widely used in the preparation of advertisements.
Leaders	Line of dots to lead the eye from one point to another, as in tables.
Lead	In composition, a thin strip of metal used for spacing between lines of type
Leaf	Two pages of a book; the front and back of a single piece of paper
Ledger Paper	Business paper used for keeping records, subjected to wear, thus needing a high degree of durability and permanence.
Legend	Explanatory symbol detail included within the boundaries of a map or illustration.
Letterset(Dry Offset)	Printing process which uses a blanket (like conventional press) to transfer an image from plate to paper. Unlike lithography, it uses a relief plate and requires no dampening system.
Letterspacing	Spacing between letters.
Letterpress	Printing direct from upraised type or blocks.
Library Binding	Strong binding suitable for library book usage. Special binding services for libraries.
Ligature	Tied letters such as ff, ffi cast as a single piece of type.
Line Block	Letterpress engraving consisting of lines rather than halftone dot screen. No process graduation of tone.
Line Copy	Copy suitable for reproduction without using a screen.
Lineale	A type face classification which is subdivided into four groups: Grotesque, Neo-grotesque, Geometric and Humanist. Lineale faces are also known as Sans serif.
Lining Figures	Numerals of the same height as the capital letters of a typeface. Also known as modem figures.
Linofilm	(Linotron) Phototypesetting system, trade names.
Linotype	Composing machine which sets type in solid lines, known as "slugs"; a trade name.
Literals	Typesetting errors, wrong letters, wrong fonts, misspellings etc.
Lithography	Printing by planographic process (Q.V.)
Loading	Process by which china clay, titanium dioxide or barium sulphate is added to paper to improve, opacify and whiten the surface.
Loc.cit	In the place cited.
Lockup	In letterpress, to lock a forme in a chase for printing.
Logotype	(or Logo) Trademark or corporate mark. A unique design used in letterheads, advertising and printed matter.
Long lnk	Ink that has good flow to press ink rollers.
Lower Case	Small letters in type as distinct from capital letters.
Ludlow	Semi-automatic hot-metal compassion system; a trade name
Lumitype	Phototypesetting system, later known also as the Photon; a trade name.
M
M	Abbreviation for a quantity of 1000.
Machine Coated	Paper machine coated on one or two sides during paper making.
Machine Direction	Grain of the paper resulting from water travelling across the fibres during manufacture.
Machine-Finish (MF).	Paper which has received no additional finishing process after leaving the paper machine.
Magenta	The bluish-red component of the standard four-colour printing ink colours.
Magnetic Tape	Magnetised plastic tape coated with ferrous oxide; used to store information.
Make-Ready	Final machine preparation for printing to ensure an even impression over the entire printing area. Can be a significant percentage of the costs of printing, particularly for short runs of colour work.
Make Up	Arrangement of type-matter and illustrations into pages.
Manuscript	Originally "handwritten', usually applied to the onginal text of a book.
Marbled Paper	A simulated marble finish applied to paper by floating an oil based ink on the surface of water. Often used as end papers in books.
Margins	Space surrounding the print area of a page.
Mask	In colour separation, an intermediate photographic negative or positive used in colour correction of an original. In offset lithography, opaque material used to cover or remove areas of printing plates during exposure.
Masking	A method of removing or shaping illustrations or maps. Can be used to change the proportions of a photograph or picture.
Masstone	Colour of solid ink. Ink usually appears as a different colour when printed.
Matrix	Mould in which type is cast in linecasting machines. In stereotyping, the paper mould or mat made from a type form.
Matt Finish	Paper finish without gloss.
Matt Print	Photoprint having a dull finish.
Measure	Width to which type is set.
Mechanical (Pasteup) Assembly	Page layout prepared as an original for photo-mechanical reproduction.
Mechanical Tints	Preprinted patterns Used to simulate shading or textures. Are available in screen form or as rubdown transfers.
Mechanical Wood Paper	Paper made from mechanically treated wood paper pulp.
Microfiche	Sheet of microfilm usually 150mm x 105mm on which a series of small images is arranged in a grid.
Microfiche Reader	Viewing device which enlarges microfiche images.
Microfilm	Film in various forms (eg rolls, sheets) on which images are greatly reduced in size for the purposes of storage or filing.
Microform	General term to describe images reproduced in miniature, usually on roll or fiche.
Middletones	Tonal range between highlights and shadows of a photograph or reproduction.
Mitre	To cut the ends of rules and borders, at an angle of 45 degrees, so that the corners join at right angles.
Mock-up	Model of the finished book or magazine with essential detail sketched in.
Modem	A contraction of 'modulator-demodulator' A link between computers, or computers and information services, through the telephone system.
Modern Figures	See Lining Figures.
Moire	Screen pattern in printing caused by overlaying conflicting screen angles. Resembles the moire pattern in silk.
Monophoto	Filmsetting system of type based on the Monotype system of hot-metal compassion,
Monotype	Typesetting system consisting of separate keyboard and typecasting machines; a trade name.
Montague	Combination of related pieces of copy appearing as one to tell a complete story.
Mortise	To remove part of a mounted letterpress engraving to permit the insertion of type or other matter.
Mottle	Spotty or uneven appearance of printing.
Mould-Made Paper	Imitation hand-made paper produced on a flat or cylindrical mould whose surface is divided into sections by thin rubber strips.
Mount	Base on which a letterpress engraving is fastened to bring it up to type height.
Mount Flush	To mount a letterpress block on its base without flanges at one or more edges.
Mouse	A small, mouse-like, hand-held device used to control and direct computer screen cursors.
Mutton	See Em.
Mullen Tester	Machine for testing the bursting strength of paper.
N
Negative	Photographic image on film in which black values in the onginal subject are transparent, and white values are opaque; light greys are dark, and dark greys are light.
Newsprint	Paper made mostly from ground wood pulp with a small percentage of chemical pulp; used for printing newspapers.
Nickeltype (Nickelo)	In electrotyping, a plate on which the first deposit is nickel and the remainder of the shell is copper. Nickeltypes give sharper definition in printing and are more durable than copper.
Nonpareil	Type or space of 6 pt size.
Nut	See En.
O
Obelisk	See Dagger.
Oblong (Landscape)	Book or brochure wider than it is deep.
OCR	Optical character recognition of type by a scanner which senses the light reflected from the printed image and provides impulses to recognition circuits to identify each character.
Octavo	Size of a broadsheet folded to make eight leaves. (Sixteen pages.)
Off-Line Equipment	Devices to provide services to a video tape editing system without utilising the main (and more expensive) equipment.
Offset	Printing in which the image is transferred from plate to paper by means of a rubber-covered cylinder. A general term for offset lithography.
Offset Paper	Paper specially made for printing by offset lithography.
Old-Style Figures	See Hanging Figures.
On Line Equipment	The main data processing system.
Op.cit	In the work cited.
Opacity	Property which minimises "show- through" of printing from the reverse side of a sheet of paper.
Opaque	In photoengraving and offset lithography, to paint out areas on negative or positive film not wanted on the plate.
Opaque lnk	The special ink used to "opaque" or eliminate unwanted features of work on film.
Ornament	Type borders, flowers, rules used to "decorate" areas of type.
Orthochromatic	Photographic emulsions which are insensitive to red but sensitive to ultraviolet, blue, green, yellow and orange light.
Overhang	Cover Cover larger in size than the pages it encloses.
Overlay	In artwork, transparent covering over copy on which instructions or corrections can be marked.
Overmatter	Matter which has been set but cannot be accommodated on any page. Also known as overset.
Overprinting	Double printing; printing over an area already printed.
Overrun	To tum over words from one line to the next for as long as is necessary after a deletion or insertion has been made
Overs	Copies of print matter in excess of the quantity required.
Overset	Type set in excess of space available.
P
Page-On-Galley	Page proofs on galley- length paper.
Page Proof	Proof pulled after the work has been made up into pages.
Pagination	Paging of a book and the numbering of the pages. Trade name for an electronic system used in colour scanning.
Panchromatic	Photographic film sensitive to all visible colours.
Paper	The word derives from Papyrus, a reed-like plant growing in Egypt along the banks of rivers.
Paper Master	Paper printing plate used on an offset duplicator. The image is made by hand drawing or typewriter.
Papyrus	An aquatic plant of the sedge family Papyrus anbquorum, once grew prolifically in Egypt.
Paragraph Mark	Sixth of the reference marks, following the section mark.
Parallel Mark	Fifth of the reference marks following the section mark. Also known as' "BlindP" (\|\|)
Parameter	Measurable or quantifiable characteristic or feature In computer typesetting, line measure, type size and character width, which may alter from job to job, although the basic computer program may remain constant.
Parchment	A paper-like material used for writing from around 500 B.C., made from the skins of sheep or goats, steeped in lime, stretched pared down to reduce thickness.
Parchment Paper	A type of paper with some similarity to parchment, made by passing through acid baths.
Parentheses	Round brackets.
Passim	Refers to allusions or phrases to be found in specified book or authors work. Hence "Shakespeare passim"
Paste Drier	Drier used in printing inks, usually combination of lead and manganese compounds.
Paste Up	Type and illustrations assembled pasted in position.
Pasteboard	Board made up of several thicknesses of paper glued together.
Patent Base	A slotted metal base on which unmounted engravings or other plates a secured for printing.
Pebbling	Process of embossing paper aft printing to give a uniform ripple effect.
Perfect Binding	See Thermoplastic Binding.
Perfecting Press	Printing press that prin sides of paper in one operation.
pH	Number used for expressing the acid alkalinity of solutions. A value of 7 is neutral in a scale ranging from 0 to 14. Solutions of a lower value are acid while those higher are alkaline.
Photocomposition	Typesetting by photographic means. Also known as phototypesetting filmsetting, cold-type composition.
Photographic Proof	Proof taken photo graphically from artwork or film to be used for platemaking.
Photogravure	Printing by intaglio process from plates made by photography and etching
Photolithography	Lithography from plates prepared by photographic means. (Q.V.)
Photomechanical	Pertaining to any pro of printing by mechanical means from a graphically prepared printing plate.
Photon	Trade name for a system of phototypesetting.
Pi	Type mixed, and in an unusable condition.
Pica	Em of 12 points; 6 picas make approximately 1 inch. Typewriter face having ten charcters to. the inch
Picking	Lifting of the paper surface. occurs when ink tack exceeds the surface strength of paper.
Pigment	The colour particles that give colour, body or opacity to printing inks.
Piling	The build up or caking of ink on rollers, plate or blanket or the paper build up on the blanket of an offset printing press.
Planographic printing	Method of printing from a flat surface neither raised or recessed. eg. Iithography.
Plate	Printing surface such as an electro, a stereo or a litho plate. The name given to an illustration inset in a book.
Plate Finish	Term describing a smooth, hard finish of paper.
Plate-Sinking	Impression of an engraving plate on a sheet of paper when taking a print on a hand press. An imitation of this process.
Platen	Flat surface on a printing press by which the paper is pressed against the type; corresponding part in a typewriter.
PMS	Pantone Matching System. Internationally recognised system of colour matching and colour specification.
Pocket Envelope	Envelope with the opening on its shorter dimension.
Point	A measure used to indicate the size of type, e.g., 6 point, 12 point et. One point measures 1172 of an inch.
Porosity	Property of paper that allows the permeation of air, important for ink penetration.
Portrait	Page or illustration deeper than it is wide.
Pos S	Apostrophe plus "s" added to a noun to indicate the possessive.
Positive	Photographic image on film or glass which corresponds to the original. The reverse of negative.
Pre-Make Ready	Mechanical overlays which reduce make-ready time
Preface	Introduction of work by the author, which precedes the text of a book.
Preliminary Pages	Pages preceding the main text of a work, sometimes folioed in Roman numerals.
Pre- press	The whole activity prior to printing. This can involve typesetting, lettering, photographs, drawings, assembly of these components, bromides, colour separations, proofs, film, printing plates.
Presensitised Plate	A metal or paper plate precoated with a light-sensitive coating.
Press Proofs	A proof to indicate the appearance of a colour subject printed on a production or proof press. The last proof taken before a print run.
Pressure Sensitive Paper	Paper coated with an adhesive coating, which will stick on contact.
Primary Colours	Yellow, magenta (process red) and cyan (process blue) in printing; red, green and blue in photography.
Print Area	The printing area of a sheet. print areas invariably allow a margin round all four sides of the sheet, "framing ' the area to be occupied by print.
Process Lens	Photographic lens used in reproduction of line, halftone and colour originals by a process camera.
Process printing	Printing from two or more colour plates to produce intermediate colours and shades. In four-colour process: yellow, magenta, cyan, and black.
Program (Computer)	Software instructions designed to control the sequence of a computer operation, usually built into a disc or tape
Progressive Proofs	In colour separation, a series of proofs of a colour process reproduction pulled in each component colour, and in the correct sequence enabling printers to check colour quality progressively during a print run.
Proof (Pull)	Reproduction of type or illustrations, prior to final, for the purpose of assessment or correction.
Psychrometer	Wet-and-dry bulb type of hygrometer. The most accurate of industrial instruments used to determine relative humidity.
Pull	See Proof.
Put Down	Reduce from capitals to lower case.
Put Up	Promote from lower case to capitals.
Q
Quad	Prefix to imperial paper size names to denote a sheet four times the single and twice the double area; e g. Demy 22.5 " x 17.5 " (57.15 cm x 44.45 cm); used principally for designing type sizes. Metal lower than type height used to fill up spaces and short lines in an assemblage of type (em quad, en quad).
Quarto	The size of an imperial broadsheet folded to make four leaves.
Quoins	Wedges or mechanical expanding devices used to lock up letterpress formes.
R
Raised lnitial	Initial letter which projects above the first line of type.
Raised printing	See Thermography.
Range	To align elements on a printed page, such as illustration and caption. Unjustified settings may range left or right.
Raster	A computer term for the pattern of scanning lines for cathode ray tube pictures.
Reader	Person employed to check type proofs.
Ream	Five hundred sheets of paper.
Recto	Right-hand page of a book.
Reference Marks	Signs used to direct the reader from the text to a note.
Reflection Copy	Opaque copy for reproduction. Must be photographed by light reflected from its surface as distinct from transparencies which are photographed by transmitted light.
Register	Accurate superimposition of colours in multicolour printing; exact alignment of pages so that they back one another precisely
Register Marks	Crosses or other marks on originals to act as a guide for platemaking, printing and colour registration; sometimes known as keys.
Relative Humidity (RH)	Amount of water vapour present in the atmosphere expressed as a percentage of the maximum that could be present at the same temperature. printing paper can be affected by high relative humidity.
Relief printing	See Letterpress.
Render	To draw an image by hand. The process of applying pencil, ink, or paint as part of a drawing or painting.
Repro Bromide	Now widely used as the material supplied by advertisers to newspapers for reproduction as black and white advertisement. A repro bromide is required to have a print-standard image. All detail must be clear, halftone dots should be of correct shape and gradation and in focus. See Bromide.
Reproduction Proof	In composition, proof of typeface setting suitable for photographic reproduction.
Reprography	Reproduction by photography; used loosely to describe all duplicating and copying processes, whether involving photography or not.
Rescreen	Line reproduction of a photograph which has already been screened, to give impression of a halftone.
Re-screen	The technique of scanning a that has already been screened either in a colour or black and white. Electronic scanners now have a rescreen facility.
Resolution	The clarity of a reproduced In computer parlance it is expressed by per inch). In printing half tone or colour images, dots per centimetre is used.
Reverse Plate	Printing plate in which the parts that are usually black or shaded are reversed so as to appear white or grey.
Reverse printing	Printed image reversed either from right to left, from black to white one colour to another
Right Angle	Fold In binding, a term used two or more folds that are at 90 degree each other
Ripple Finish	Irregular paper finish suggestive of ripples, produced by an embossing process.
Roller Stripping	Where ink does not adhere to the lithographic metal ink rollers on a press.
Rolling Up	The inking of the finished litho plate without taking a proof or impression.
Roman	Normal upright typeface, as distinct from italics or from bold.
Rough	Artist's sketch or visual, preliminary to preparation of art, photography and type.
Rounding	Process by which the sewn and trimmed sections of a book are rounded at the binding edge to eliminate swelling at the back.
Routing	Cutting away the non-printing area of a letterpress plate.
Royal	Imperial paper size, measuring 25 " x 20" (63.5cm x 50.8cm).
Rubbermark	Alternative to a watermark: the pattern is impressed into the wet web of paper during paper making.
Rub-Proof	In printing, an ink that has reached maximum dryness and does not mar with normal abrasion.
Rule	Printed line.
Run	Number of copies to be printed.
Run-Around	A type area set in measures adjusted to fit around a picture.
Run On	Sentences set to follow each other without a paragraph break; to start chapters without beginning a fresh page; additional copies while the job is still on the machine.
Running Head	Title repeated at the top of each page of a book.
Running Headline	Brief descriptive heading printed at the top of a page.
S
S Pos	Singular apostrophe placed after the terminal letter of a noun to indicate the possessive, after the "s" of a plural noun.
Saddle-Stitching	Securing pages by wire staples through the centre fold. In saddle-stitched work the printed sections are inserted one inside the other.
Safelight	Special darkroom (usually red) lamp used for illumination without fogging sensitised materials.
Sans Serif	Typeface without serifs, loosely referred to as "Sans"
Scaling	Determining the proper size for an image to be reduced or enlarged.
Scan	The electronic process that converts an image from its original form to an electronic system capable of colour separations and film for printing plates.
Scanner	Electronic device used in the making of colour separations.
Scoring	Furrowing a sheet, particularly if it is heavy stock, so that it will fold without cracking.
Screen	Photo screen used to convert a continuous tone image to a dot formation. The greater the number of lines to a centimetre the finer the screen.
Screen	Angles In colour reproduction, angles at which a halftone screen or the original itself are placed for each of the colour separation negatives, in order to prevent formation of interference patterns (moire) in the completed colour reproduction. Angles of 30 degrees between colours produce minimum patterns.
Screen printing	See Silk Screen.
Screen Ruling	Number of lines per centimetre on a contact screen or ruled glass halftone screen.
Screened Print	In photography, a print made from continuous tone copy screened during exposure.
Script	Typeface classification, indicating a cursive type. Hand lettering to imitate the handwritten form.
Scum	In offset lithography, a greasy film which tends to sensitise non-image areas in a plate to accept ink.
Section Mark	Fourth of the reference marks following the double dagger.
Self-Cover	Cover printed on the same stock as a book.
Separation	Separation of colours preparatory to printing.
Serial	Publications Magazines, journals et. issued in instalments.
Serif	Short cross-lines at the ends of the main strokes of letters in some typefaces.
Set Flush	Set full measure without indention.
Set-Off	In presswork, when the ink of a printed sheet rubs off or marks the next sheet as iti s being delivered. Also called offset.
Sexto